Wednesday, April 1, 2009

How Grills Work


A grill consists of a cooking surface, typically made of parallel metal bars or a porcelain-covered metal grid, over a fuel source capable of generating intense heat, usually up to temperatures of 500 degrees Fahrenheit (260 C) or more. Let's start by taking apart the trusty charcoal grill. The components of a grill can range from very simple to incredibly sophisticated. The simplest grill is a charcoal burner and has three components:
• Cooking surface • Charcoal container • Grill support
The fuel source for charcoal grills has been around for at least 5,000 years. You may not realize it, but charcoal is not a rock or even some type of coal. It is actually wood! Charcoal is created by heating wood to high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. That is, you take wood, put it in a sealed box of steel or clay and heat it to about 1000 F (538 C).
When you put a fresh piece of wood or paper on a hot fire, the smoke you see is those volatile hydrocarbons evaporating from the wood. They start vaporizing at a temperature of about 300 F (149 C). If the temperature gets high enough, these compounds burst into flame. Once they start burning, there is no smoke because the hydrocarbons turn into carbon dioxide and water vapor (both invisible). This explains why you see no smoke from a charcoal fire (or a fire that has burned down to embers). When you light the charcoal, what is burning is the pure carbon. It combines with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, and what is left at the end of the fire is the ash -- the minerals. This produces a very intense heat with very little smoke, making charcoal very useful as a cooking fuel that will not overwhelm the flavor of the food with the elements found in normal wood smoke.
Even the simplest gas grill is more complex than a typical charcoal grill. Common components of a gas grill include:
• Gas source • Hoses • Valve regulators • Burners • Starter • Cooking surface • Grill body • Grill hood
The grill body houses all of the other components except the hood. The hood covers the cooking surface and serves to trap the heated air inside, which increases the temperature inside the grill.
The gas source is connected to the valve regulators via the main hose. The regulators are controlled by knobs that allow you to determine how much gas is allowed through the valve to the burner. Most grills have two main burners, with a regulator for each one. Each burner has a series of tiny holes along its length that the gas exits through. The gas is supplied from the propane tank or the natural-gas pipeline (more on this in the next section), and oxygen comes from the air. But where does the spark come from?
The spark usually is supplied by the grill starter, sometimes called the igniter. This is a push-button or rotating knob that creates a spark of electricity to ignite the gas. The starter uses piezoelectricity to generate a nice spark that lights the grill.
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